Black History Month is a month-long commemoration designed to reflect on the history, ongoing struggle for racial justice, and celebrate the achievements of African Americans. It is a federally recognized celebration that was established nearly a century ago to honor the contributions of Black men and women to human civilization, as stated by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.
Over time, Black History Month has evolved into one of the most celebrated cultural heritage months, with various institutions like schools, businesses, and organizations embracing the tradition through exhibits, presentations, meals, and games. However, some practices associated with the month can be perceived as insensitive, inaccurate, or inappropriate.
In commemorating this month, it is essential for tributes to be informative rather than performative, emphasizing the importance of genuine acknowledgment and education, as highlighted by April Reign, the influencer behind the #OscarsSoWhite movement.
Here’s a closer look at the background and significance of Black History Month, from its inception to ways of honoring the month appropriately.
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The Origins of Black History Month
Black History Month, originally known as “Negro History Week,” was initiated by Carter G. Woodson, often regarded as the “Father of Black History,” back in 1926. Woodson aimed to promote and popularize knowledge about the Black past. Born to formerly enslaved parents, Woodson became an author, historian, and the second African American to obtain a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
In 1915, Woodson established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, now known as the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, to encourage the scientific study of Black life and history. He envisioned a future where celebrating Black history annually would no longer be necessary, as African Americans would integrate their past into daily life.
It took until 1976 for Woodson’s organization to transition from a week-long observance to a month-long celebration and from focusing on Negro history to Black history. Since then, every U.S. president has endorsed the theme set by the Association for the Study of African American Life and History through official proclamations.
Observing Black History Month
Black History Month, traditionally observed from February 1st to the end of the month, signifies a time for acknowledgment, reflection, and inspiration. It is not merely a symbolic gesture but a meaningful recognition that extends into various activities throughout the year, as emphasized by Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, former ASALH National President.
The rich history and cultural contributions of African Americans are depicted through various mediums like museums, literature, national park sites, music, and even cemeteries, showcasing the widespread influence and impact of Black History.
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The Significance of February for Black History Month
February was chosen by Woodson as the month for Black History Month due to its alignment with the birthday of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, two prominent figures in African American history.
The ASALH website recognizes the birthdays of two influential Americans who had a significant impact on Black history. These individuals are Frederick Douglass, a renowned abolitionist who escaped slavery and celebrated his birthday on February 14, and President Abraham Lincoln, who formally abolished slavery and was born on February 12. Black History Month, originally known as “Negro History Week,” was established to coincide with existing celebrations within Black communities across the United States.
Carter G. Woodson, the founder of ASALH, constructed Negro History Week around established days commemorating Black history, aiming to expand the public’s understanding of Black heritage rather than create new traditions. Additionally, civil rights advocate and author Richard Wright advocated for National Freedom Day in February to mark the passage of the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery in 1865.
Despite never becoming a nationally recognized holiday, National Freedom Day, acknowledged by President Harry Truman in 1949, aligns with the beginning of Black History Month each February. The focus of Black History Month, chosen annually by ASALH since 1928, is to enlighten and celebrate Black history, with this year’s theme being African Americans and the Arts.
Numerous ways exist to commemorate Black History Month, such as attending events like the ASALH luncheon or engaging in online programs offered by the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. The museum provides a digital toolkit to honor Black individuals who have utilized art for social justice purposes. You can also explore reading lists, online resources, and multimedia related to this year’s theme. Keep an eye out for local in-person activities, festivals, and performances scheduled in your area.
